实际工作中,测试角色可能会遇到如下情况:
  场景一:甲开发A模块,乙开发B模块,甲的进度比乙快,但A模块的方法依赖于B模块,甲要调试代码怎么办?
  场景二:测试仔进行单元测试,但要么方法之间存在业务耦合关系,要么没有测试数据,怎么办?
  解决以上问题无非是模块隔离、业务解耦,构造虚拟对象
  关于Mock的实现方式,有白盒和黑盒两种,我的理解如下
  白盒:哪种语言开发的程序必须用基于哪种语言的Mock方案去实现,例如:JMockit只能针对Java,适用范围:单测
  黑盒:Mock方案和程序使用的语言无关,可以用Java实现,也可以用Python实现等等等,例如:搭建一个Mock Server,适用范围:无底线
  说到这里,不得不提第一次接触Mock机制(基于白盒),有一次上面要求开展分层测试之Service、Dao层的测试,公司框架集成了spring框架,然后类的实例化、类的私有属性的赋值都是通过ioc完成的,且也不提供公共的set、get入口,我问了开发老大怎么单测,他来了一句反射注入。
  我调阅了Java的反射机制,总结如下:程序可以通过反射机制加载一个运行时才得知名称的class(传统的是编译时,显式new一个),获取其完整构造,并生成其对象实体,可以对其字段设值、改写方法体或调用其方法等。从测试的角度看,实践是从感性认识到理性认识值得做的一件事,所以自己动手写了个简单的Mock插件和Demo(基于单测),在此分享希望有所帮助
  核心代码
import com.qmock.exception.FieldNotFindException;
import com.qmock.exception.FieldSetException;
import com.qmock.exception.InjectDataException;
import com.qmock.exception.TypeToMockException;
public class QMock {
/**
* @author quqing
* @param typeToInject
* @param injectData
* @return
* @throws TypeToMockException
* @throws InjectDataException
* @throws FieldSetException
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* @throws FieldNotFindException
*/
public static Object setFields(Class<?> typeToInject, Map<String, Object> injectData) throws TypeToMockException, InjectDataException, FieldSetException, InstantiationException,
IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException, FieldNotFindException {
if (typeToInject == null)
throw new TypeToMockException("Exception in typeToMock is NUll");
if (injectData == null)
throw new InjectDataException("Exception in injectData is NUll");
Set<String> keys = injectData.keySet();
Object obj = Class.forName(typeToInject.getName()).newInstance();
Field[] fields = obj.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
// 验证Mock的字段是否存在
for (String key : keys) {
for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
if (key.equals(fields[i].getName()))
break;
if (i == fields.length - 1)
throw new FieldNotFindException("Exception in Field Not Find >> " + key);
}
}
// 开始注入数据
for (int j = 0; j < fields.length; j++) {
fields[j].setAccessible(true);
if (null != injectData.get(fields[j].getName())) {
try {
fields[j].set(obj, injectData.get(fields[j].getName()));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new FieldSetException("Exception in FieldSet >> " + fields[j].getName());
}
}
}
return obj;
}
/**
* @author quqing
* @param clazz 必须是包含包路径的类名
* @param method 方法名
* @param body 方法体
* @throws CannotCompileException
* @throws NotFoundException
*/
public static void setMethod(String clazz, String method, String body) throws CannotCompileException, NotFoundException {
ClassPool classPool = ClassPool.getDefault();
CtClass ctClass = classPool.get(clazz);
CtMethod ctMethod = ctClass.getDeclaredMethod(method);
ctMethod.setBody(body);
ctClass.toClass();
}
}
  Service层
public class User {
public User() {}
public User(Integer id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
private Integer id;
private String name;
public int getId() {return id;}
public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}
public String getName() {return name;}
public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}
}
public interface UserServ {
public User getUser(Integer id);
int getNum();
String getStr();
List<String> getList();
Map<String, String> getMap();
}
public class UserServImpl implements UserServ {
private UserDAO dao;
//  private User user;
private int num;
private String str;
private List<String> list;
private Map<String, String> map;
public User getUser(Integer id) {
System.out.println("UserBusinessDelegate");
return dao.getUser(id);
}
public int getNum() {
return this.num;
}
public String getStr() {
return this.str;
}
public List<String> getList() {
return this.list;
}
public Map<String, String> getMap() {
return this.map;
}
}