8. 创建spy
  当没有函数需要监听时,也可以创建一个spy对象来方便测试。
describe("A spy, when created manually", function() {
var whatAmI;
beforeEach(function() {
whatAmI = jasmine.createSpy('whatAmI');  //创建spy对象,id='whatAmI'
whatAmI("I", "am", "a", "spy");  //可以当作函数一样传入参数
});
it("is named, which helps in error reporting", function() {
expect(whatAmI.and.identity()).toEqual('whatAmI');
});
it("tracks that the spy was called", function() {
expect(whatAmI).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
it("tracks its number of calls", function() {
expect(whatAmI.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
});
it("tracks all the arguments of its calls", function() {
expect(whatAmI).toHaveBeenCalledWith("I", "am", "a", "spy");
});
it("allows access to the most recent call", function() {
expect(whatAmI.calls.mostRecent().args[0]).toEqual("I");
});
});
  9. 定时任务测试
  jasmine可以模仿js的定时任务setTimeOut,setInterval,并可以通过tick()来控制时间,方便定时任务的测试
beforeEach(function() {
timerCallback = jasmine.createSpy("timerCallback");
jasmine.clock().install();   //关键
});
afterEach(function() {
jasmine.clock().uninstall();  //关键
});
it("causes a timeout to be called synchronously", function() {
setTimeout(function() {
timerCallback();
}, 100);
expect(timerCallback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
jasmine.clock().tick(101);  //关键,控制时间进度
expect(timerCallback).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
it("causes an interval to be called synchronously", function() {
setInterval(function() {
timerCallback();
}, 100);
expect(timerCallback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
jasmine.clock().tick(101);
expect(timerCallback.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
jasmine.clock().tick(50);
expect(timerCallback.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
jasmine.clock().tick(50);
expect(timerCallback.calls.count()).toEqual(2);
});
  10. 异步测试
  传入done参数表示执行异步测试,在beforeEach调用done()表示测试的开始,再次调用done()表示测试结束,否则测试不会结束
describe("Asynchronous specs", function() {
var value;
beforeEach(function(done) {   //传入done参数表示执行异步测试
setTimeout(function() {
value = 0;
done();
}, 1);
});
it("should support async execution of test preparation and expectations", function(done) {
value++;
expect(value).toBeGreaterThan(0);
done();
});
describe("long asynchronous specs", function() {
beforeEach(function(done) {
done();
}, 1000);  //beforeEach的第二个参数表示延迟执行?
it("takes a long time", function(done) {
setTimeout(function() {
done();
}, 9000);
}, 10000);  //jasmine默认等待时间是5s,超出这个时间认为fail,可以在it的第二个参数设置等待时
//jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL 可以设置全局的等待时间
afterEach(function(done) {
done();
}, 1000);
});
describe("A spec using done.fail", function() {
var foo = function(x, callBack1, callBack2) {
if (x) {
setTimeout(callBack1, 0);
} else {
setTimeout(callBack2, 0);
}
};
it("should not call the second callBack", function(done) {
foo(true,
done,
function() {
done.fail("Second callback has been called");  //可以用done.fail()来实现结束测试,但fail的情况
}
);
});
});
});
  11. jasmine配合karma 与 grunt使用
  用法在jasmine搭在karma上实现自动化,再搭在grunt上实现与其他插件集成,方便管理。不过jasmine也可以直接搭在grunt上,所以我不太懂为什么要多个karma? anyway大家都在用,那么学一下吧。
  如果后面执行命令出错,试下换个控制台
  karma文档
  首先npm init生成package.json
  然后安装karma,去到相应的文件夹,命令行中输入
  1 npm install -g karma-cli 只有这个全局安装
  2 npm install karma --save-dev
  3 npm install karma-chrome-launcher --save-dev 用什么浏览器装什么
  4 npm install karma-jasmine --save-dev
  5 npm install jasmine-core --save-dev 上面那条命令装不了jasmine-core,这里补上
  然后karma init生成karma.conf.js,过程类似生成package.json,全部默认即可,然后手动更改。
module.exports = function(config) {
config.set({
// base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
basePath: '',
// frameworks to use
// available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
frameworks: ['jasmine'],
// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
'*.js'
],
// list of files to exclude
exclude: [
'karma.conf.js',
'gruntfile.js'
],
// preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
// available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
preprocessors: {
'src.js':'coverage'  //预处理,检查测试覆盖率
},
// test results reporter to use
// possible values: 'dots', 'progress'
// available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
reporters: ['progress', 'coverage'],
coverageReporter:{  //用于检查测试的覆盖率,生成的报告在./coverage/index.html中
type:'html',
dir:'coverage',
},
// web server port
port: 9876,
// enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
colors: true,
// level of logging
// possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
logLevel: config.LOG_ERROR,
// enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
autoWatch: true,
// start these browsers
// available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
browsers: ['Firefox'],
// Continuous Integration mode
// if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
singleRun: false,
// Concurrency level
// how many browser should be started simultaneous
concurrency: Infinity,
captureTimeout: 5000,  //连接浏览器的超时
})
}
  karma start karma.conf.js 可以自动运行测试了,并且检测文件的变化。
  注意:如果浏览器不是默认安装的路径需要设置路径到环境变量.
  cmd: set FIREFOX_BIN = d:yourpathfirefox.exe
  $ export CHROME_BIN = d:yourpathchrome.exe
  好像只在当前控制台窗口生效
  可以参考该文 Karma和Jasmine自动化单元测试
  然后是搭在grunt上
  npm install grunt
  npm install grunt-karma
  npm install grunt-contrib-watch
  配置gruntfile.js
module.exports = function(grunt){
grunt.initConfig({
pkg:grunt.file.readJSON('package.json'),
karma:{
unit:{
configFile:'karma.conf.js',
//下面覆盖karma.conf.js的设置
background: true,  //后台运行
singleRun: false,   //持续运行
}
},
watch:{
karma:{
files:['*.js'],
tasks:['karma:unit:run']
}
}
});
grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-karma');
grunt.loadNpmTasks("grunt-contrib-watch");
grunt.registerTask('default',['karma','watch']);
}
  命令行直接输入grunt可以弹出浏览器自动监听和测试了,
  不知道为什么第一次运行时不能测试,要修改了源码才会开始测试。
  更多可看见grunt-kamra官方文档
  结语
  搬运了官网的教程,有很多地方没说清楚,jasmine还有更多更强大的功能,详细还是要参考官网教程