现在Asp.net webapi 运用的越来越多，其单元而是也越来越重要。一般软件开发都是多层结构，上层调用下层的接口，而各层的实现人员不同，一般大家都只写自己对应单元测试。对下层的依赖我们通过IOC来做。首先看我们的Controller定义及实现
public class ArticlesController : ApiController
{
private IArticleService _articleService;
public ArticlesController(IArticleService articleService)
{
_articleService = articleService;
}
// GET: api/Articles
public IEnumerable<Article> GetArticles()
{
return _articleService.GetArticles();
}
// GET: api/Articles/5
[ResponseType(typeof(Article))]
public IHttpActionResult GetArticle(int id)
{
Article article = _articleService.GetArticle(id);
if (article == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
return Ok(article);
}
// PUT: api/Articles/5
[ResponseType(typeof(void))]
public IHttpActionResult PutArticle(int id， Article article)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
return BadRequest(ModelState);
}
if (id != article.ID)
{
return BadRequest();
}
try
{
_articleService.UpdateArticle(article);
}
catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
{
if (!ArticleExists(id))
{
return NotFound();
}
else
{
throw;
}
}
return StatusCode(HttpStatusCode.NoContent);
}
// POST: api/Articles
[ResponseType(typeof(Article))]
public IHttpActionResult PostArticle(Article article)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
return BadRequest(ModelState);
}
_articleService.CreateArticle(article);
return CreatedAtRoute("DefaultApi"， new { id = article.ID }， article);
}
// DELETE: api/Articles/5
[ResponseType(typeof(Article))]
public IHttpActionResult DeleteArticle(int id)
{
Article article = _articleService.GetArticle(id);
if (article == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
_articleService.DeleteArticle(article);
return Ok(article);
}
private bool ArticleExists(int id)
{
return _articleService.GetArticle(id) != null;
}
}
　　首先构造函数 需要IArticleService实例，在Controller的action中将需要用到该service。【请千万不要告诉我说这里的controller非常简单，不需要做单元测试！在实际项目中有人为了不做Controller的单元测试，把里面的逻辑全部提取出来放在Helper里面，然后对Helper来做单元测试】
　　IOC的实现：
　　我这里用的是Unity， 所以首先需要安装Install-Package Unity.WebApi.5.1
public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
protected void Application_Start()
{
GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);
//Install-Package Unity.WebApi.5.1
IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer()
.RegisterType<IArticleService， ArticleService>()
.RegisterType<IBlogService， BlogService>();
//GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = new UnityDependencyResolver(container);
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof(IHttpControllerActivator)， new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container));
}
}
public class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator
{
public IUnityContainer UnityContainer { get; private set; }
public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer unityContainer)
{
this.UnityContainer = unityContainer;
}
public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request， HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor， Type controllerType)
{
return (IHttpController)this.UnityContainer.Resolve(controllerType);
}
}
　　一般我们的controller都只用DependencyResolver和IHttpControllerActivator 来实现控制反转。
　　单元测试我一般用Moq 和nunit ，所以需要 Install-Package Moq 和 Install-Package NUnit