下面是一个测试代码,模拟同步问题中经典的生产者消费者问题。

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cstdlib>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

using namespace std;

pthread_mutex_t mutex;
queue<int> product;

void * produce(void *ptr)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        product.push(i);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);

        //sleep(1);
    }
}

void * consume(void *ptr)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 10;)
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);

        if (product.empty())
        {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
            continue;
        }
   
       &nbsp;++i;
        cout<<"consume:"<<product.front()<<endl;
        product.pop();
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);

        //sleep(1);
    }
}

int main()
{
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);

    pthread_t tid1, tid2;

    pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, consume, NULL);
    pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, produce, NULL);

    void *retVal;

    pthread_join(tid1, &retVal);
    pthread_join(tid2, &retVal);

    return 0;
}

运行结果如下:
consume:0
consume:1
consume:2
consume:3
consume:4
consume:5
consume:6
consume:7
consume:8
consume:9

  上述代码,consume在判断队列中是否有数据的时候是通过轮询的方式进行的,这种行为很浪费CPU资源,可以通过条件变量来解决这个问题。