Factory,顾名思意是工厂,也是工厂方法,在软件开发中一般结合多态使用,用来根据不同的条件创建不同的类对象。
在这里,Factory一般用来创建一个测试类的多个实例,每个实例属性不同,以执行不同的测试,Factory构造实例的方法必须返回Object[],也是一组测试类的实例。
以testng官网的例子来说明,测试类如下,在测试用例testServer中,访问m_numberOfTimes次web页面,这里打印出了访问的次数和执行该用例的实例地址。
1 public class WebTest {
2 private int m_numberOfTimes;
3 public WebTest(int numberOfTimes) {
4 m_numberOfTimes = numberOfTimes;
5 }
6
7 @Test
8 public void testServer() {
9 for (int i = 0; i < m_numberOfTimes; i++) {
10 // access the web page
11 System.out.println("Access the web page, times " + i + ", the instance is " + this);
12 }
13 }
14 }
构造测试类WebTest实例的工厂如下,该工程创建了5个WebTest实例:
1 public class WebTestFactory {
2 @Factory
3 public Object[] createInstances() {
4 Object[] result = new Object[5];
5 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
6 result[i] = new WebTest(i+1);
7 }
8 return result;
9 }
10 }
然后在XML文件中指定测试类为WebTestFactory,即可运行测试,注意:只需指定工厂类即可,无需再指定测试类。
1 <suite name="suite1">
2
3 <test name="test1" verbose="2">
4 <classes>
5 <class name="sea.WebTestFactory" />
6 </classes>
7 </test>
8
9 </suite>
运行结果如下,可见总共执行了5个用例,每个用例访问web页面的次数不同。
1 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@1593948d
2 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@1593948d
3 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.WebTest@1593948d
4
5 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
6 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
7 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
8 Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
9
10 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@482f8f11
11 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@482f8f11
12
13 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@51565ec2
14
15 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
16 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
17 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
18 Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
19 Access the web page, times 4, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
20
21 PASSED: testServer
22 PASSED: testServer
23 PASSED: testServer
24 PASSED: testServer
25 PASSED: testServer
可以看到Factory的使用也比较简单,思考一下,在上面的例子中一个用例运行了5次,每次访问页面的次数不同,那么用DataProvider能否实现呢?
采用DataProvider实现的代码如下,这里通过DataProvider来提供每个用例访问web页面的次数,一共5个参数,用例会执行5次:
1 public class Test1 {
2
3 @DataProvider(name = "data1")
4 public Object[][] createdata() {
5 return new Object[][] {
6 {1},
7 {2},
8 {3},
9 {4},
10 {5}
11 };
12 }
13
14 @Test(dataProvider = "data1")
15 public void testServer(int m_numberOfTimes) {
16 for (int i = 0; i < m_numberOfTimes; i++) {
17 // access the web page
18 System.out.println("Access the web page, times " + i + ", the instance is " + this);
19 }
20 }
21
22 }
执行结果如下:
Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times 4, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
PASSED: testServer(1)
PASSED: testServer(2)
PASSED: testServer(3)
PASSED: testServer(4)
PASSED: testServer(5)
可以看到,访问web页面的次数来说,这里结果与Factory方法没有什么不同,那这两者有什么区别呢?
DataProvider:为测试用例提供参数,有多少组参数会执行多少次用例,因此它是让一个测试类实例的某个方法执行多次,但每次执行都是采用的同一个实例(从上面结果的实例地址可以看出)。
Factory:创建一个测试类的多个实例,每个实例中的所有测试用例都会被执行,因此它是让一个测试类被执行多次,每次执行采用的是不同实例。