一、常用函数的封装
在使用selenium做web自动化测试的过程中,经常会碰到各种各样的问题,比如:
1、页面加载比较慢时,selenium查找元素抛出异常,导致脚本运行中止
2、写完脚本后发现代码逻辑不够清晰,维护困难,降低测试效率
所以很有必要对selenium进行封装使框架更适合公司的需求,下面是基类的封装,主要使用单例模式,可以将业务逻辑代码存放在不同的Python文件中
注:BASE_URL为博客园的登录地址
1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
2 from selenium import webdriver
3 import time
4
5 OVER_TIME = 5
6 BASE_URL = "https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2F"
7
8
9 class Driver(object):
10
11 def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
12 """
13 使用单例模式将类设置为运行时只有一个实例,在其他Python类中使用基类时,
14 可以创建多个对象,保证所有的对象都是基于一个浏览器
15 """
16 if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
17 orig = super(Driver, cls)
18 cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
19 return cls._instance
20
21 def start(self, url=BASE_URL, driver_name="Chrome"):
22 """
23 启动浏览器
24 :param url: 测试地址
25 :param driver_name: 在启动时设置浏览器的类型
26 :return:
27 """
28 if driver_name == "Firefox":
29 self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
30 elif driver_name == "Ie":
31 self.driver = webdriver.Ie()
32 else:
33 self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
34 self.driver.implicitly_wait(OVER_TIME)
35 self.driver.get(url)
36 self.driver.maximize_window()
37
38 def get_url(self):
39 """返回浏览器的地址"""
40 return BASE_URL
41
42 def find_element(self, by, value):
43 """
44 这里添加了一个OVER_TIME作为查找元素的超时次数,根据系统的实际情况设置OVER_TIME的大小
45 """
46 for i in range(OVER_TIME):
47 try:
48 return self.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)
49 except Exception, e:
50 print e
51
52 def find_elements(self, by, value):
53 """与find_element一致"""
54 for i in range(OVER_TIME):
55 try:
56 return self.driver.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
57 except Exception, e:
58 print e
59
60 def find_display_elements(self, by, value):
61 """
62 查找状态为displayed的元素集合,当查找一类元素时,
63 经常出现有些元素是不可见的情况,此函数屏蔽那些不可见的元素
64 """
65 for i in range(OVER_TIME):
66 try:
67 elements = self.driver.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
68 num = elements.__len__()
69 except Exception, e:
70 print e
71 time.sleep(1)
72 if num >= 1:
73 break
74 display_element = []
75 # 将可见的元素放到列表中, 并返回
76 for j in range(num):
77 element = elements.__getitem__(j)
78 if element.is_displayed():
79 display_element.append(element)
80 return display_element
81
82 def is_element_present(self, By, Value):
83 """判断元素是否存在"""
84 try:
85 self.driver.find_element(by=By, value=Value)
86 return True
87 except Exception, e:
88 print e
89 return False
90
91 def close(self):
92 self.driver.close()
93
94 def quit(self):
95 u"""退出浏览器"""
96 self.driver.quit()
97
98 if __name__ == "__main__":
99 page = Driver()
100 page.start()
二、使用封装过的框架和pageobject模式设计登录脚本
1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
2 from webdriver import Driver
3 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
4
5
6 class Login(object):
7
8 def __init__(self, user_name="xxx", pwd="xxx"):
9 self.page = Driver()
10 page = self.page
11 page.start(url=page.get_url())
12 self.user_name = page.find_element(By.ID, "input1")
13 self.pwd = page.find_element(By.ID, "input2")
14 self.login_btn = page.find_element(By.ID, "signin")
15 self.login(user_name, pwd)
16
17 def login(self, user_name, pwd):
18 self.user_name.clear()
19 self.user_name.send_keys(user_name)
20 self.pwd.clear()
21 self.pwd.send_keys(pwd)
22 self.login_btn.click()
23
24
25 if __name__ == "__main__":
26 Login("xxx", "xxx")
三、打开博客园新闻、博问等子页面脚本设计
1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
2 from webdriver import Driver
3 from login import Login
4 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
5
6
7 class SubPage(object):
8
9 def __init__(self):
10 self.page = Driver()
11 page = self.page
12 self.home_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"园子")
13 self.news_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"新闻")
14 self.q_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"博问")
15 self.ing_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"闪存")
16
17 def open_home_page(self):
18 self.home_page.click()
19
20 def open_news_page(self):
21 self.news_page.click()
22
23 def open_q_page(self):
24 self.q_page.click()
25
26 def open_ing_page(self):
27 self.ing_page.click()
28
29
30 if __name__ == '__main__':
31 Login("xxx", "xxx")
32 sub = SubPage()
33 sub.open_q_page()
四、其他
按照此模式博友可根据公司具体的业务来实现自动化测试脚本,本文抛砖引玉,如有其他更好的想法可以一起探讨