java学习笔记之sql常用语句
作者:网络转载 发布时间:[ 2016/10/20 10:00:52 ] 推荐标签:测试开发技术 Java
DDL(Data Definition Language):数据库定义语句;
DML(Data Manipulation Language):用于增删改查数据库中数据;
DCL(Data Control Language)用来向用户赋予/取消对数据对象的控制权限;
TCL(Transaction Control Language):用来对事务进行管理
数据库登录:
win+R运行cmd,输入 双引号里面的内容:"mysql -uroot -proot"回车,root为用户名和密码。
注意:执行win命令,后不需要加“;”,但执行mysql语句则需要加“;”
一、库操作
1.创建名为"mydb1"数据库:
create database mydb1;
2.显示所有数据库:
show databases;
3.创建名为"mydb1"并带字符集的数据库:
create database mydb2 CHARACTER SET=utf8;
4.显示数据库mydb2创建语句:
show create database mydb2;
5.如果存在数据库mydb2,则删除mydb2(如果不加上if exits判断,一旦要删除的数据库不存在,会报错):
drop database if exits mydb2;
6.修改数据库的库字符编码:
alter database mydb2 character set gb2312;
7.数据库备份(root是用户名,这是一个win命令(即打开cmd,直接输入),将数据库备份到c盘下):
mysqldump -u root -p mydb2>c://test.sql;
8.数据库恢复(两种方式):
(1)这是一个win命令:mysql -u root -p mydb2<c://test.sql
(2)source c://test.sql;
二、表操作
1.创建学生表:
create table student(
/* 直接指定主键,也可单独指定*/
sno varchar(4) primary key,
sname varchar(10) not null,
sage int,
ssex char(2),
email varchar(20) unique,
constraint ck_student_ssex_sage check(ssex in('男','女')and sage between 10 and 50)
)
2.增加列(字段):
alter table tableName add columnName varchar(30);
3.修改列,改变长度:
alter table tableName modify cloumnName varchar(60);
4.删除列:
alter table tableName drop column cloumnName;
5.修改表名:
rename table tableName_old to tableName_new;
6.修改表的字符集:
alter table user character set gbk;
7.修改列名:
alter table tableName change column cloumnName columnName_new varchar(60);
8.删除表:
drop table tableName;
三、增删改查
准备表
create table employee
(
id int,
name varchar(40),
sex varchar(4),
birthday date,
entry_date date,
salary decimal(8,2),
resume text
);
1.插入数据:
insert into employee(id,name,sex,birthday,entry_date,salary,resume) values(1,'zhangsan','male','1993-03-04','2016-11-10','1000','i am a developer');
/*可以省略表字段,但是必须插入全部字段*/
insert into employee values(1,'zhangsan','male','1993-03-04','2016-11-10','1000','i am a developer');
2.指定某些列插入数据:
insert into employee(id) values(6);
3.查看汉字时不乱码:
insert into employee(id,name) values(6,'张三');
/*告诉mysql客户采用gb2312编码*/
show variables like 'chara%';
set character_set_client=gb2312;
insert into employee(id,username) values('3','张三');
/*查看汉字时不乱码*/
show variables like 'chara%';
set character_set_results=gb2312;
select * from employee;
4.删除表数据:
/*删除表中名称为’zs’的记录*/
delete from employee where name='zs';
/*删除表中所有记录*/
delete from employee;
/*使用truncate删除表中记录(快速删除表中所有数据,保留表的数据结构)*/
truncate table employee;
5.修改表中数据:
/*将所有员工薪水修改为5000元*/
update employee set salary=5000;
/*将姓名为’zs’的员工薪水修改为3000元*/
update employee set salary = 3000 where name='zs';
/*将姓名为’aaa’的员工薪水修改为4000元,job改为ccc*/
update employee set salary = 4000,job='ccc' where name='aaa';
/*将lisi的薪水在原有基础上增加1000元*/
update employee set salary = salary+1000 where name='lisi';
6.查询表中数据:
/*查询表中所有学生的信息*/
select id,name,chinese,english,math from student;
/*查询表中所有学生的姓名和对应的英语成绩*/
select name,english from student;
/*过滤表中重复数据*/
select distinct english from student;
在所有学生分数上加10分特长分*/
select name,(chinese+english+math)+10 from student;
/*统计每个学生的总分*/
select name,(chinese+english+math) from student;
/*使用别名表示学生分数*/
select name,(chinese+english+math) as 总分 from student;
/*使用别名表示学生分数,可以不用as*/
select name,(chinese+english+math) 总分 from student;
/*查询姓名为张三的学生成绩*/
select * from student where name='张三';
/*查询英语成绩大于90分的同学*/
select * from student where english>'90';
/*查询总分大于200分的所有同学*/
select name,(chinese+english+math) 总分 from student where chinese+english+math>200;
/*查询英语分数在 80-90之间的同学*/
select * from student where english>=80 and english=<90;
select * from student where english between 80 and 90;
/*查询数学分数为89,90,91的同学*/
select * from student where math=89 or math=90 or math=91;
select * from student where math in(89,90,91);
/*查询所有姓李的学生成绩*/
select * from student where name like '李%';
select * from student where name like '李_';
/*查询数学分>80,语文分>80的同学*/
select * from student where math>80 and chinese>80;
select * from student where chinese is null;
/*对数学成绩排序(降序:从高到低,desc)后输出。*/
select name,math from student order by math desc;
/*对数学成绩排序(升序:从低到高,asc)后输出。*/
select name,math from student order by math asc;
/*对总分排序后输出,然后再按从高到低的顺序输出*/
select name,math+english+chinese from student order by math+english+chinese desc;
/*对姓李的学生成绩排序输出*/
select name,math+english+chinese from student where name like '李%' order by math+english+chinese desc;
/*统计一个班级共有多少学生*/
select count(*) from student;
select count(id) from student;
/*统计数学成绩大于80的学生人数*/
select count(*) from student where math>80;
/*统计总分大于250的人数*/
select count(*) from student where math+english+chinese>250;
/*细节 null不能被count*/
select count(chinese) from student;
/*统计一个班级数学总成绩*/
select sum(math) from student;
/*统计一个班级语文、英语、数学各科的总成绩s*/
elect sum(math),sum(english),sum(chinese) from student;
/*统计一个班级语文、英语、数学的成绩总和*/
select sum(math+english+chinese) from student;
/*统计一个班级语文成绩平均分*/
select sum(chinese)/count(*) from student;
/*求一个班级数学平均分*/
select avg(math) from student;
/*求一个班级总分平均分*/
select avg(math+english+chinese) from student;
/*求班级高分和低分(数值范围在统计中特别有用)*/
select max(math+english+chinese) from student;
select min(math+english+chinese) from student;
/*对订单表中商品归类后,显示每一类商品的总价*/
select product,sum(price) from orders group by product;
/*查询购买了几类商品,并且每类总价大于100的商品*/
select product,sum(price) from orders group by product having sum(price)>100;
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